Being Overweight, What it is
What is it?
* Being overweight is equivalent to having more body fat than would be ideal for the proper functioning of the body.
* Although fats or lipids are required for energy, regulate body temperature and make hormones and enzymes, in excess increases the risk of diabetes (high concentration of glucose in the blood), cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure, joint problems and certain cancers.
* Basically, the reason for this problem is increased intake of calories (energy) than those required by the body as well as hereditary factors.
* Global increases in overweight are generally attributable to the modification of diet, with a tendency to consume lots of foods rich in fats and sugars.
* At the same time, there has been considerable decrease in physical activity due to the nature of many jobs, and offices, as well as changes in transportation and urbanization.
2) How is it diagnosed?
* The specialist (general practitioner, nutritionist) observes the usual manifestations such as increased weight and fat in the body, shortness of breath, fatigue and weakness (especially when physically active claimants) and presence of stretch marks, varicose veins and cellulite or "orange peel" in some people.
* It also takes record of the weight and body measurements of the patient, and compared these results with universal tables of weight and height.
* One of the most accepted to determine whether someone is overweight is the body mass index (BMI), mathematical formula to assess the weight of an adult in relation to your height.
* For BMI is necessary to divide the weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). For example, a person weighing 90 kg and is 1.70 m tall, has a BMI of 26.47, as: 1.70 x 1.70 = 3.4, and 90 / 3.4 = 26.47.
* A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is normal, while the figures between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight, although there may be exceptions (athletes, for example, because they have high rate, but this is due to muscle mass). Finally, a person with a BMI over 30 is obese.
* It is also useful to measure the waist circumference at the navel, with no pressure and then the individual deep breath and exhale. Figures greater than 80 cm in women and 94 cm for men means that there is high risk of heart disease, diabetes or stroke.
* Another useful indicator for the physician, increasingly recognized for its effectiveness, is the waist-hip ratio. Is obtained by dividing the waist circumference between the hip.
* It is common that occur parallel to overweight diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as psychological disorders such as anxiety, low self-esteem and depression, so the specialist can order lab tests or questions that delve into the mood of the patient.
How is it treated?
* They changed the eating habits of the patient, reducing the intake of calories from fat, sugar, refined flour and red meat, while increases of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish and lean meats (lean) as well as water.
* You need regular physical activity (at least 30 minutes moderate intensity, 3 to 4 days a week at least). To do this you can use exercises like walking, running, biking or skating, swimming and dancing.
* It is also ideal for the specialist help treat psychological or emotional problems resulting from this condition, or that the patient goes to support group or psychologist to address these aspects.
How is it prevented?
* It is advisable to avoid eating fast food, soft drinks, chips and candy.
* Be preferred intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and lean meats, rather than high-calorie food.
* We need to increase overall body mobility, which can be achieved by reducing car use and walking for short distances, climb stairs and take a walk to the pet.
* The regular practice of physical exercise is essential, as well as helping to maintain proper weight, strengthens the circulatory system, reduces anxiety, regulates blood pressure, lowers blood sugar and blood cholesterol, and reduces the risk of myocardial.
* Finally, it is very important that parents encourage their children good eating habits, and sports.
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